Decision-Making Approach based on Multi-objective Optimization to Achieve Net-Zero Energy Neighborhoods through Retrofit in a Tropical Climate

Among the main causes of environmental deterioration worldwide, buildings are among those responsible for a large percentage of energy-related CO₂ emissions. Because of this, finding solutions to this problem is necessary. This research project involves building the energy model of a neighbourhood located in Panama, Herrera province. The main elements were classified and systematized using DesignBuilder and then implemented in an optimization analysis that seeks to approximate the NZED standard. The optimization's main objectives were to maintain or improve thermal comfort, reducing energy consumption to the lowest possible. The best design options were those given by the method of essential design variables determined in the sensitivity analysis. It was possible to conclude that combining changes in occupant behavior with specific changes in the envelope leads to a more efficient reduction in electricity consumption. Because they lead to a significant reduction in consumption without involving the cost of the total modification of the envelope, with these modifications, a reduction in electricity consumption of 52,852 kWh/year was obtained at a renovation cost of B/.19,890.00 with a recovery period of seven years.